Wouter A. Duetz, Bea Wind, Johan G. van Andel, Michael R. Barnes,
Peter A. Williams and Michiel Rutgers (1998) Biodegradation kinetics
of toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene and their intermediates through
the upper TOL pathway in Pseudomonas putida (pWW0). Microbiology, 144,
1669-1675.
ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas putida mt-2, harbouring TOL plasmid pWW0, is capable
of degrading toluene and a range of di- and tri-alkylbenzenes. In this
study, chemostat-grown cells (D = 0.05 h-1, toluene or m-xylene
limitation) of this strain were used to assess the kinetics of the degradation
of toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and a number of their pathway
intermediates. The conversion kinetics for the three hydrocarbons showed
significant differences: the maximal conversion rates were rather similar
(11-14 mmol.h-1.[g dry wt]-1) but the specific affinity
(the slope of the v vs s curve near the origin) of the cells for
toluene (1300 liters [g dry wt]-1 .h-1) was only
5 % and 14 % of those found for m-xylene and p-xylene, respectively.
Consumption kinetics of mixtures of the hydrocarbons confirmed that xylenes
are strongly preferred over toluene at low substrate concentrations. We
also determined the maximum flux rates of pathway intermediates through
the various steps of the TOL pathway as far as ring cleavage. Supply of
0.5 mM 3-methylbenzyl alcohol or 3-methylbenzaldehyde to fully-induced
cells lead to the transient accumulation of 3-methylbenzoate. Accumulation
of the corresponding carboxylic acid (benzoate) was also observed after
pulses of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde, which are intermediates in toluene
catabolism. Analysis of consumption and accumulation rates for the various
intermediates showed that the maximal rates at which the initial monooxygenation
step and the conversion of the carboxylic acids by toluate 1,2-dioxygenase
may occur are 2-3 fold lower than those measured for the two intermediate
dehydrogenation steps.